Early Spring Things

Longer days are bright with sunshine, interrupted occasionally by appreciated rainfall; the spring blooming season is here. With each passing day, sprouts emerge, previously shy blooms unfold, and the landscape’s winter muted tones segue to varieties of green, sparkling with rainbow colors. On a recent cloudy, humid early morning a few spring things caught my eyes.

Crossvine, Bignonia capreolata, is an early blooming vine here in Central Texas. Though the flowers were ready for them, pollinators were scarce; it was too early and too flush with the promise of rain. Orange-yellow flowers are open for pollinators and will bloom, at least for a time. In my garden, native bees are prime visitors to these pretties.

Crossvine doesn’t have a long bloom season. There is the initial, which lasts a few weeks, then usually a second crop later in spring. I see scattered blooms throughout summer.

My very old Texas Mountain Laurel, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, is on its way out of this life. Most of the top portions are bare, dead wood, but at the base where most of the foliage resides, a flush of blooms have danced their way to opening, purple bliss in color, grape soda in fragrance. The Laurel was one of the first things I planted decades ago and its been in decline for a while.

I’m pleased with my Laurel’s purple clusters this spring and the flowers are in sync with other laurels; all around Austin the Texas Mountain Laurels have been especially gorgeous these past weeks. I guess they really do like drought! I won’t remove the tree until all hope of foliage and flowers is gone as birds like to perch on the branches for safety, squirrels like to nibble their meals up in the tree, and the gardener admires the old tree’s legacy and hardiness.

I love the unwieldy, silver-leafed Wooly Butterflybush, Buddleja marrubiifolia. Throughout the year, it stands as a signature specimen, a welcome change from greens in the garden. Interestingly, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center’s link mentions that the shrub is deciduous (looses its leaves during winter) and needs protection from hard freezes. Not so, mine! I’ve never protected it from any of our sporadic hard freezes and it stands full and grey/silver in all weather. It’s located facing west and near the street, so may it sit in a warmer micro-climate and is thus protected and ever full of foliage.

The Butterflybush’s darling petite flowers perch on terminal balls and attracts many kinds of butterflies, big and small. I typically see the pollinators for this plant later in the year.

Another rangy plant which is a neighbor to the Butterflybush, are two specimens of Agarita, Mahonia trifoliolata. I’ve always wanted Agarita in my garden and finally planted these two 5 years ago when my front area became full sun. Each has grown apace, producing early yellow blooms for bees, followed by yummy fruits for birds and mammals. Humans also enjoy the berries, which can be made into wine and jelly, though this human is glad to leave the fruits for the critters.

The small flowers are honey-sweet and attract honey and native bees. The only thing I don’t like about the Agarita are its spikey, ouchy, leathery leaves! I’m not a fan of plants that hurt, but I’ve made an exception for the worthy Agarita!

A super early bloomer this spring is one of the annual Blue Curls (or Caterpillars), Phacelia congesta. I have gobs of these annual spring wildflowers that re-seed themselves, but they don’t usually bloom until late March or April. Popular with the pollinators, I’m always amazed at the great variety that show up when these cute things are blooming. If you look carefully, you can see what look like two ants in one of the top blooms. I can’t tell from the photo, but it’s possible that these insects are tiny native bees. Once the blooms set their tiny seeds, migrating birds munch those seeds and help spread these beauties to other places. I see volunteer Blue Curl plants all over my neighborhood in lawns. Sadly, I’m sure most of those plants are mowed down well before growing tall enough to bloom.

Iris blooms are ubiquitous to spring gardens everywhere and mine have begun their frilly floral presentations this week. I don’t know the variety as these bulbs were here in the garden when we moved in. In addition to being lovely and large flowers, they are a fragrant addition to the garden.

Our winters are short and not too difficult, save for a week here, or week there. Even so, when the green-n-color production begins, it’s hard not to be grateful for nature’s cycles and bounty. Spring is all about renewal and life, so go outside and enjoy!

First Spring Wildflower

Riffing on first Texas wildflower blooms profiled at Portraits of Wildflowers, I noticed that my garden’s first wildflower is abloom. This wildflower is a common weed according to some, but I love the pretty, purple, pollinator magnet and so do the bees and butterflies. Insects were tucked in this morning, owing to the chill and clouds, but they’ll find this rich source of nectar and pollen when the sun returns and the temperatures warm.

This Spiderwort, Tradescantia, sp., has popped up from last years’ roots at the base of a winter-tawny Big Muhly, Muhlenbergia lindheimeri. That splash of green has been a colorful companion to the muted grass since early December. Now, the green will be topped by rich purple to augment its beauty.

The spiderworts couldn’t have chosen a tougher place to plant themselves. Facing west, these two clusters sit at the curb, not even in the garden-proper. I never water this area, it only receives what bounty the sky delivers. There will be more spiderwort blooms in the coming months–from these two and many others throughout my garden–then the foliage will disappear, the roots in hiding from the long, hot summer. The muhly will provide some coverage, as new growth drapes over the curb and spiderworts’ spot, but this area is hot and dry most of the year.

It has begun, this renewal of life. Birds and squirrels chase their potential partners and rivals; flirtation as the rule of the first kind of chase, establishing territory the point of the second. The main winter clean-up work in my garden is finished, or nearly so, and change in the garden will be a daily, if not hourly, occurrence. Game-on, Spring!

If You Plant Them, They Will Come

June 16-22, 2025 is Pollinator Week, celebrating the importance and beauty of pollinators. Pollinators share outdoor space with humans (and other critters!), but are in decline due to a variety of factors, including habitat loss, use of chemicals, and climate change.

Checkered White on Zexmenia, Zexmenia acapulcensis

But in your own space of a home garden, in nearby public park or school garden, even a small to medium sized pollinator garden attracts multitudes of pollinator participants and adds a bit more beauty and life to the world.

Fiery Skipper on Gregg’s Mistflower, Conoclinium greggii

It’s easy to attract pollinators–just plant things they like to pollinate! Native plants are always best because they usually require less water and effort, and native plants are appropriate in their range. Also, native plants are beautiful.

White Checkered-Skipper on Four-nerve Daisy, Tetraneuris scaposa
Honeybee and Grey Hairstreak on Zexmenia, Zexmenia acapulcensis
Red Admiral on Purple Coneflower, Echinacea purpurea

Hardy, non-natives are also on many pollinators’ yummy lists, so roses, daylilies, irises and other similar plants are often good choices for a garden.

Metallic Sweat bee on unknown common daylily
Lassioglossum, Sweat bee on Martha Gonzales Rose

In most areas of North America, pollinators are active throughout the growing seasons, including winter in some places. Here in Central Texas, I’ve found that pollinators increase in number and variety as spring segues to summer, then morphs into autumn.

Painted Lady, Vanessa cardui sips from a Blue Curl, Phacelia congesta
American-basket flower, Centaurea americana, blooms primarily in June and July, providing for many pollinators.

Autumn bloomers are important sources of nectar and pollen before winter sets in. Late summer/autumn blooming perennial shrub, Frostweed, Verbesina virginica, worked by a honeybee, whose corbiculae (pollen pantaloons!) are filled with pollen goodness.

Pollinators and pollinator plants come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. Trees produce flowers for pollinators when they bloom, no matter the season.

Blow Fly, Calliphoridae, pollinating spring blooms of Rough-leaf Dogwood,

Shrubs, perennials, annuals, and ground covers are also in the pollination business.

Ground cover perennial, Gregg’s Mistflower provides for a honeybee.
Perennial Engelmann’s Daisy, Engelmannia peristenia, feeds a different honeybee.
Autumn Sage shrub, Salvia greggii, hosts a Horsefly-like Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa tabaniformis

Most folks recognize that bees (both honey and native), butterflies and moths are common pollinators. But flies, ants, beetles and true bugs are vital pollinator sources and should be welcomed in any garden space.

Eastern Leaf-footed bug on Soft Leaf Yucca, Yucca recurvifolia
Lizard beetle, Languriidae on Four-nerve Daisy
Engelmann’s Daisy hosts a Seed Bug, Lygaeidae

To have grown-up pollinators visit your garden, specifically with butterflies and moths, first there must be babies. To feed those young’ns, host plants are required and should be part of any pollinator ecosystem. Yes, foliage will be munched, but it’s a rare event that host plants are eaten to their end by the insects that the host plant nurtures.

Dutchman’s Pipe, Aristolochia fimbriata, with munched leaves from a Pipevine Swallowtail caterpillar

Many herbs and common garden plants are host plants for pollinator insects. This is why it’s a BIG no-no to use pesticides: if you spray for caterpillars, or other “bugs” eating the foliage, it’s likely that you’re killing future pollinators. Remember and repeat: most insects are benign, many are beneficial. So skip the stinky aisle in the big box store and avoid pesticides in the garden.

Check out https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org for information on the kinds of host plants specific to butterfly/moth species. It’s a great go-to site for all things butterfly and moth.

There are honeybees,

…and there are thousands of native bee species.

Lassioglossum, Sweat bee
Horsefly-like Carpenter bee, Xylocopa tabaniformis
American Bumblebee, Bombus pennsylvanicus

Native bees are generally solitary and nest only for their offspring, unlike honeybees who nest in large collectives. Native bees nest in the ground, in wood, and older stems of plants. You can help natives find spots for reproduction by leaving some wood in your garden, by allowing some soil to remain bare, free of plants, mulch, and ground-cover, and also by delaying winter pruning until just before spring growth. You might also want to build bee “houses” or “hotels” which will provide space for many bees to nest.

Blue Orchard Bee, Osmia lignaria filling a nesting hole

In short, most garden plants that flower will attract insects, the good kind, and especially pollinators. There are a few tricks to a successful pollinator garden project, but creating a garden is a learning experience and a creative endeavor. Check out your local plants, see what you like and what would work in your space. There’s a great deal of accessible plant, insect, and design information to help you on the way. To create a pollinator garden, research and learn, then unleash your imagination and artistic self and be prepared to perspire. Then have some gardening fun and help heal the world in your own back yard!

If you plant them, they will come!